AAP. American Academy of Periodontology. CDC: Half of American Adults Have Periodontal Disease. https://www.perio.org/consumer/cdc-study.htm. Copyright 2015. Accessed 10/29/2015.
Abbayya K, Puthanakar NY, Naduwinmani S, Chidambar YS. Association between Periodontitis and Alzheimer's Disease. North American journal of medical sciences. Jun 2015;7(6):241-246.
ADA. American Dental Association. Science/Research: Gingival Inflammation Without Loss of Periodontal Attachment (Gingivitis). Available at http://www.ada.org/en/science-research/dental-practice-parameters/gingival-inflammation-without-loss-of-periodontal-attachment. Last updated 1997. Accessed 10/19/2015.
AHA. American Heart Association. Conditions: Drug Therapy for Cholesterol. Available at http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/PreventionTreatmentofHighCholesterol/Drug-Therapy-for-Cholesterol_UCM_305632_Article.jsp#.ViaXrRCrTeQ. Last updated 04/21/2014. Accessed 10/20/2015.
Alagl AS, Bhat SG. Ascorbic acid: new role of an age-old micronutrient in the management of periodontal disease in older adults. Geriatrics & gerontology international. Mar 2015;15(3):241-254.
Allaker RP, Douglas CW. Novel anti-microbial therapies for dental plaque-related diseases. International journal of antimicrobial agents. Jan 2009;33(1):8-13.
Alshouibi EN, Kaye EK, Cabral HJ, Leone CW, Garcia RI. Vitamin D and periodontal health in older men. Journal of dental research. Aug 2013;92(8):689-693.
Altamash M, Klinge B, Engstrom PE. Periodontal treatment and HbA1c levels in subjects with diabetes mellitus. Journal of oral rehabilitation. Aug 30 2015.
Anisimov VN. Metformin: do we finally have an anti-aging drug? Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.). Nov 15 2013;12(22):3483-3489.
Anita P, Sivasamy S, Madan Kumar PD, Balan IN, Ethiraj S. In vitro antibacterial activity of Camellia sinensis extract against cariogenic microorganisms. Journal of basic and clinical pharmacy. Dec 2014;6(1):35-39.
Antonoglou GN, Knuuttila M, Niemela O, Raunio T, Karttunen R, Vainio O, . . . Tervonen T. Low serum level of 1,25(OH)2 D is associated with chronic periodontitis. Journal of periodontal research. Apr 2015;50(2):274-280.
Antony B, Merina B, Iyer VS, Judy N, Lennertz K, Joyal S. A Pilot Cross-Over Study to Evaluate Human Oral Bioavailability of BCM-95CG (Biocurcumax), A Novel Bioenhanced Preparation of Curcumin. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. Jul-Aug 2008;70(4):445-449.
Anuradha BR, Bai YD, Sailaja S, Sudhakar J, Priyanka M, Deepika V. Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Curcumin Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing: A Clinical Study. Journal of international oral health : JIOH. Jul 2015;7(7):90-93.
Arora M, Weuve J, Fall K, Pedersen NL, Mucci LA. An exploration of shared genetic risk factors between periodontal disease and cancers: a prospective co-twin study. American journal of epidemiology. Jan 15 2010;171(2):253-259.
Arora N, Avula H, Avula JK. The adjunctive use of systemic antioxidant therapy (lycopene) in nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a short-term evaluation. Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985). 2013;44(6):395-405.
Artese HP, Foz AM, Rabelo Mde S, Gomes GH, Orlandi M, Suvan J, . . . Romito GA. Periodontal therapy and systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. PloS one. 2015;10(5):e0128344.
Aruni AW, Dou Y, Mishra A, Fletcher H. The Biofilm Community: Rebels with a Cause. Curr Oral Health Rep. 2015;2(1):48-56.
Atasoy HB, Ulusoy ZI. The relationship between zinc deficiency and children's oral health. Pediatric dentistry. Sep-Oct 2012;34(5):383-386.
Azuma T, Tomofuji T, Endo Y, Tamaki N, Ekuni D, Irie K, . . . Morita M. Effects of exercise training on gingival oxidative stress in obese rats. Archives of oral biology. Aug 2011;56(8):768-774.
Babina K, Salikhova D, Doroshina V, et al. Antigingivitis and Antiplaque Effects of Oral Probiotic Containing the Streptococcus salivarius M18 Strain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. Sep 6 2023;15(18)doi:10.3390/nu15183882. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37764667
Babu PV, Liu D. Green tea catechins and cardiovascular health: an update. Current medicinal chemistry. 2008;15(18):1840-1850.
Bansal M, Khatri M, Taneja V. Potential role of periodontal infection in respiratory diseases - a review. Journal of medicine and life. Sep 15 2013;6(3):244-248.
Bansal M, Rastogi S, Vineeth NS. Influence of periodontal disease on systemic disease: inversion of a paradigm: a review. Journal of medicine and life. 2013;6(2):126-130.
Baron M, Hudson M, Tatibouet S, Steele R, Lo E, Gravel S, . . . Gornitsky M. Relationship between disease characteristics and orofacial manifestations in systemic sclerosis: Canadian Systemic Sclerosis Oral Health Study III. Arthritis care & research. May 2015;67(5):681-690.
Basu A, Newman ED, Bryant AL, Lyons TJ, Betts NM. Pomegranate polyphenols lower lipid peroxidation in adults with type 2 diabetes but have no effects in healthy volunteers: a pilot study. Journal of nutrition and metabolism. 2013;2013:708381.
Batista AL, Lins RD, de Souza Coelho R, do Nascimento Barbosa D, Moura Belem N, Alves Celestino FJ. Clinical efficacy analysis of the mouth rinsing with pomegranate and chamomile plant extracts in the gingival bleeding reduction. Complementary therapies in clinical practice. Feb 2014;20(1):93-98.
Bawadi HA, Khader YS, Haroun TF, Al-Omari M, Tayyem RF. The association between periodontal disease, physical activity and healthy diet among adults in Jordan. Journal of periodontal research. Feb 2011;46(1):74-81.
Behal R, Mali AM, Gilda SS, Paradkar AR. Evaluation of local drug-delivery system containing 2% whole turmeric gel used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis: A clinical and microbiological study. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. Jan 2011;15(1):35-38.
Ben-Zvi GT, Tidman MJ. Be vigilant for scurvy in high-risk groups. The Practitioner. Oct 2012;256(1755):23-25, 23.
Berlutti F, Pilloni A, Pietropaoli M, Polimeni A, Valenti P. Lactoferrin and oral diseases: current status and perspective in periodontitis. Annali di stomatologia. Mar 2011;2(3-4):10-18.
Bharti V, Khurana P. Metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. Sep 2009;13(3):172-174.
Bignozzi I, Crea A, Capri D, Littarru C, Lajolo C, Tatakis DN. Root caries: a periodontal perspective. Journal of periodontal research. Apr 2014;49(2):143-163.
Borges BC, de Souza Borges J, de Araujo LS, Machado CT, Dos Santos AJ, de Assuncao Pinheiro IV. Update on nonsurgical, ultraconservative approaches to treat effectively non-cavitated caries lesions in permanent teeth. European journal of dentistry. Apr 2011;5(2):229-236.
Burton J, Chilcott C, Wescombe P, et al. Extended Safety Data for the Oral Cavity Probiotic Streptococcus Salivarius K12. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 2010;2:135-144.
Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Moore CJ, Speiser G, Tagg JR. A preliminary study of the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on oral malodour parameters. J Appl Microbiol. Apr 2006;100(4):754-764.
Burton JP, Drummond BK, Chilcott CN, Tagg JR, Thomson WM, Hale JD, Wescombe PA. Influence of the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius strain M18 on indices of dental health in children: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Med Microbiol. Jun 2013;62(Pt 6):875-884.
Calder PC. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: nutrition or pharmacology? British journal of clinical pharmacology. Mar 2013;75(3):645-662.
Carramolino-Cuellar E, Tomas I, Jimenez-Soriano Y. Relationship between the oral cavity and cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal. May 2014;19(3):e289-294.
Carvalho Rde S, Rossi V, Weidlich P, Oppermann RV. Comparative analysis between hard- and soft-filament toothbrushes related to plaque removal and gingival abrasion. The Journal of clinical dentistry. 2007;18(3):61-64.
Chandra RV, Prabhuji ML, Roopa DA, Ravirajan S, Kishore HC. Efficacy of lycopene in the treatment of gingivitis: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Oral health & preventive dentistry. 2007;5(4):327-336.
Chang Y, Woo HG, Park J, Lee JS, Song T-J. Improved oral hygiene care is associated with decreased risk of occurrence for atrial fibrillation and heart failure: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019:2047487319886018-2047487319886018.
Charles CA, Lisante TA, Revankar R, Cortelli JR, Cortelli SC, Aquino D, . . . Amini P. Early benefits with daily rinsing on gingival health improvements with an essential oil mouthrinse--post-hoc analysis of 5 clinical trials. Journal of dental hygiene : JDH / American Dental Hygienists' Association. 2014;88 Suppl 1:40-50.
Chatterjee A, Kandwal A, Singh N, Singh A. Evaluation of Co-Q10 anti-gingivitis effect on plaque induced gingivitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Oct 2012;16(4):539-542.
Chatterjee A, Saluja M, Agarwal G, Alam M. Green tea: A boon for periodontal and general health. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Apr 2012;16(2):161-167.
Chattopadhyay S, Raychaudhuri U, Chakraborty R. Artificial sweeteners - a review. Journal of food science and technology. Apr 2014;51(4):611-621.
Chava VK, Vedula BD. Thermo-reversible green tea catechin gel for local application in chronic periodontitis: a 4-week clinical trial. Journal of periodontology. Sep 2013;84(9):1290-1296.
Chen FM, Jin Y. Periodontal tissue engineering and regeneration: current approaches and expanding opportunities. Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews. Apr 2010;16(2):219-255.
Chen YT, Shih CJ, Ou SM, Hung SC, Lin CH, Tarng DC. Periodontal Disease and Risks of Kidney Function Decline and Mortality in Older People: A Community-Based Cohort Study. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. Aug 2015;66(2):223-230.
Cheng Y, Chen JW, Ge MK, Zhou ZY, Yin X, Zou SJ. Efficacy of adjunctive laser in non-surgical periodontal treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers in medical science. Sep 2 2015.
Cohen MM. Tulsi - Ocimum sanctum: A herb for all reasons. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine. Oct-Dec 2014;5(4):251-259.
Col NF, Ochs L, Springmann V, Aragaki AK, Chlebowski RT. Metformin and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and critical literature review. Breast cancer research and treatment. Oct 2012;135(3):639-646.
Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Shang H, McGuire JA, Charles CA. Long-term management of plaque and gingivitis using an alcohol-free essential oil containing mouthrinse: a 6-month randomized clinical trial. American journal of dentistry. Jun 2013;26(3):149-155.
Cosyn J, Princen K, Miremadi R, Decat E, Vaneechoutte M, De Bruyn H. A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study on the clinical and microbial effects of an essential oil mouth rinse used by patients in supportive periodontal care. International journal of dental hygiene. Feb 2013;11(1):53-61.
Craig RG. Destructive periodontal diseases, systemic inflammation, and atherosclerotic complications: the emerging role of the dental profession. Journal of the California Dental Association. Nov 2009;37(11):773-777.
Dashper SG, Pan Y, Veith PD, Chen YY, Toh EC, Liu SW, . . . Reynolds EC. Lactoferrin inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis proteinases and has sustained biofilm inhibitory activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Mar 2012;56(3):1548-1556.
Deepa D, Mehta DS. Is the role of probiotics friendly in the treatment of periodontal diseases !! Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. Jan 2009;13(1):30-31.
Dietrich T, Nunn M, Dawson-Hughes B, Bischoff-Ferrari HA. Association between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and gingival inflammation. The American journal of clinical nutrition. Sep 2005;82(3):575-580.
DiSilvestro RA, DiSilvestro DJ, DiSilvestro DJ. Pomegranate extract mouth rinsing effects on saliva measures relevant to gingivitis risk. Phytotherapy research : PTR. Aug 2009;23(8):1123-1127.
Dominy S, Lynch C, Ermini F et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer’s disease brains: Evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors. Sci Adv. 2019;5(1):eaau3333.
Edwards PC, Kanjirath P. Recognition and Management of Common Acute Conditions of the Oral Cavity Resulting From Tooth Decay, Periodontal Disease, and Trauma: An Update for the Family Physician. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 2010;23(3):285-294.
El-Sharkawy H, Aboelsaad N, Eliwa M, Darweesh M, Alshahat M, Kantarci A, . . . Van Dyke TE. Adjunctive treatment of chronic periodontitis with daily dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and low-dose aspirin. Journal of periodontology. Nov 2010;81(11):1635-1643.
Ellulu MS, Khaza'ai H, Abed Y, Rahmat A, Ismail P, Ranneh Y. Role of fish oil in human health and possible mechanism to reduce the inflammation. Inflammopharmacol. Jun 2015;23(2-3):79-89.
Emamieh S, Khaterizadeh Y, Goudarzi H, Ghasemi A, Baghban AA, Torabzadeh H. The effect of two types chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and xylitol on salivary Streptococcus mutans. Journal of conservative dentistry : JCD. May-Jun 2015;18(3):192-195.
Erdemir EO, Bergstrom J. Relationship between smoking and folic acid, vitamin B12 and some haematological variables in patients with chronic periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. Dec 2006;33(12):878-884.
Erdemir EO, Erdemir A. The detection of salivary minerals in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis by the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry technique. Journal of periodontology. Jun 2006;77(6):990-995.
Fabbri C, Fuller R, Bonfa E, Guedes LK, D'Alleva PS, Borba EF. Periodontitis treatment improves systemic lupus erythematosus response to immunosuppressive therapy. Clinical rheumatology. Apr 2014;33(4):505-509.
Fazili T. Antimicrobe. Actinomyces species (Actinomycoses). Monograph. http://www.antimicrobe.org/b73.asp#t13. Accessed 12/4/2015.
Fernandez-Solari J, Barrionuevo P, Mastronardi CA. Periodontal Disease and Its Systemic Associated Diseases. Mediators of inflammation. 2015;2015.
Fisher MA, Borgnakke WS, Taylor GW. Periodontal disease as a risk marker in coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension. Nov 2010;19(6):519-526.
Flemmig TF, Shanahan F, Miyasaki KT. Prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of clinical periodontology. Oct 1991;18(9):690-697.
Fontana L, Meyer TE, Klein S, Holloszy JO. Long-term calorie restriction is highly effective in reducing the risk for atherosclerosis in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Apr 27 2004;101(17):6659-6663.
Fraga CP, Mayer MP, Rodrigues CR. Use of chewing gum containing 15% of xylitol and reduction in mutans streptococci salivary levels. Brazilian oral research. Apr-Jun 2010;24(2):142-146.
Gabriel HE, Crott JW, Ghandour H, Dallal GE, Choi S-W, Keyes MK, . . . Mason JB. Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with diminished folate status, altered folate form distribution, and increased genetic damage in the buccal mucosa of healthy adults. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2006;83(4):835-841.
Garcia MN, Hildebolt CF, Miley DD, Dixon DA, Couture RA, Spearie CL, . . . Civitelli R. One-year effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on chronic periodontitis. Journal of periodontology. Jan 2011;82(1):25-32.
Garcia RI, Krall EA, Vokonas PS. Periodontal disease and mortality from all causes in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study. Ann Periodontol. Jul 1998;3(1):339-349.
George JP, Shobha R, Lazarus FJ. Folic Acid: A positive influence on periodontal tissues during health and disease. Int J Health Allied Sci. 2013;2(3):145-152.
Gluzman R, Katz RV, Frey BJ, McGowan R. Prevention of root caries: a literature review of primary and secondary preventive agents. Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry. May-Jun 2013;33(3):133-140.
Gokhale NH, Acharya AB, Patil VS, Trivedi DJ, Thakur SL. A short-term evaluation of the relationship between plasma ascorbic acid levels and periodontal disease in systemically healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. Journal of dietary supplements. Jun 2013;10(2):93-104.
Goutham BS, Manchanda K, Sarkar AD, Prakash R, Jha K, Mohammed S. Efficacy of two commercially available Oral Rinses - Chlorohexidine and Listrine on Plaque and Gingivitis - A Comparative Study. Journal of international oral health : JIOH. Aug 2013;5(4):56-61.
Goyal CR, Lyle DM, Qaqish JG, Schuller R. Evaluation of the plaque removal efficacy of a water flosser compared to string floss in adults after a single use. The Journal of clinical dentistry. 2013;24(2):37-42.
Griffiths R, Barbour S. Lipoproteins and lipoprotein metabolism in periodontal disease. Clinical lipidology. Jun 2010;5(3):397-411.
Grubbs V, Vittinghoff E, Beck JD, Kshirsagar AV, Wang W, Griswold ME, . . . Young B. Association Between Periodontal Disease and Kidney Function Decline in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study. Journal of periodontology. Oct 2015;86(10):1126-1132.
Guimaraes MR, Coimbra LS, de Aquino SG, Spolidorio LC, Kirkwood KL, Rossa C, Jr. Potent anti-inflammatory effects of systemically administered curcumin modulate periodontal disease in vivo. Journal of periodontal research. Apr 2011;46(2):269-279.
Guimaraes MR, de Aquino SG, Coimbra LS, Spolidorio LC, Kirkwood KL, Rossa C, Jr. Curcumin modulates the immune response associated with LPS-induced periodontal disease in rats. Innate immunity. Feb 2012;18(1):155-163.
Gulati M, Anand V, Jain N, Anand B, Bahuguna R, Govila V, Rastogi P. Essentials of periodontal medicine in preventive medicine. International journal of preventive medicine. Sep 2013;4(9):988-994.
Gupta D, Bhaskar DJ, Gupta RK, Karim B, Jain A, Singh R, Karim W. A randomized controlled clinical trial of Ocimum sanctum and chlorhexidine mouthwash on dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine. Apr 2014;5(2):109-116.
Gupta S, Jawanda MK, Arora V, Mehta N, Yadav V. Role of Lycopene in Preventing Oral Diseases as a Nonsurgical Aid of Treatment. International journal of preventive medicine. 2015;6:70.
Gurav AN. Periodontitis and insulin resistance: casual or causal relationship? Diabetes & metabolism journal. Dec 2012;36(6):404-411.
Hajishengallis G. Aging and its Impact on Innate Immunity and Inflammation: Implications for Periodontitis. Journal of oral biosciences / JAOB, Japanese Association for Oral Biology. Feb 1 2014;56(1):30-37.
Hajishengallis G. Periodontitis: from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation. Nature reviews. Immunology. Jan 2015;15(1):30-44.
Hamerlynck JV, Middeldorp S, Scholten RJ. [From the Cochrane Library: brushing the teeth with an electric toothbrush with an oscllating rotating movement more effective against plaque and gingivitis than brushing with a conventional toothbrush]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde. Nov 26 2005;149(48):2673-2675.
Hamilton-Miller JM. Anti-cariogenic properties of tea (Camellia sinensis). J Med Microbiol. Apr 2001;50(4):299-302.
Han YW, Houcken W, Loos BG, Schenkein HA, Tezal M. Periodontal disease, atherosclerosis, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and head-and-neck cancer. Advances in dental research. May 2014;26(1):47-55.
Hanioka T, Tanaka M, Ojima M, Shizukuishi S, Folkers K. Effect of topical application of coenzyme Q10 on adult periodontitis. Molecular aspects of medicine. 1994;15 Suppl:s241-248.
Hans M, Prakash S, Gupta S. Clinical evaluation of topical application of perio-Q gel (Coenzyme Q(10)) in chronic periodontitis patients. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Apr 2012;16(2):193-199.
Hattarki SA, Pushpa SP, Bhat K. Evaluation of the efficacy of green tea catechins as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the management of chronic periodontitis using PCR analysis: A clinical and microbiological study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Mar 2013;17(2):204-209.
Heasman PA, Hughes FJ. Drugs, medications and periodontal disease. British dental journal. Oct 2014;217(8):411-419.
Heng NC, Haji-Ishak NS, Kalyan A, Wong AY, Lovric M, Bridson JM, . . . Tagg JR. Genome sequence of the bacteriocin-producing oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius strain M18. J Bacteriol. Nov 2011;193(22):6402-6403.
Herrera D, Alonso B, de Arriba L, Santa Cruz I, Serrano C, Sanz M. Acute periodontal lesions. Periodontology 2000. Jun 2014;65(1):149-177.
Highfield J. Diagnosis and classification of periodontal disease. Australian dental journal. Sep 2009;54 Suppl 1:S11-26.
Hirasawa M, Takada K, Makimura M, Otake S. Improvement of periodontal status by green tea catechin using a local delivery system: a clinical pilot study. Journal of periodontal research. Dec 2002;37(6):433-438.
Hollan I, Meroni PL, Ahearn JM, Cohen Tervaert JW, Curran S, Goodyear CS, . . . Wasko MC. Cardiovascular disease in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Autoimmunity reviews. Aug 2013;12(10):1004-1015.
Ishikado A, Uesaki S, Suido H, Nomura Y, Sumikawa K, Maeda M, . . . Makino T. Human trial of liposomal lactoferrin supplementation for periodontal disease. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2010;33(10):1758-1762.
Iwamoto Y, Nakamura R, Folkers K, Morrison RF. Study of periodontal disease and coenzyme Q. Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology. Jun 1975;11(2):265-271.
Iwasaki M, Taylor GW, Moynihan P, Yoshihara A, Muramatsu K, Watanabe R, Miyazaki H. Dietary ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and periodontal disease in community-based older Japanese: a 3-year follow-up study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. Aug 2011;85(2):107-112.
Iwasaki M, Yoshihara A, Moynihan P, Watanabe R, Taylor GW, Miyazaki H. Longitudinal relationship between dietary omega-3 fatty acids and periodontal disease. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). Nov-Dec 2010;26(11-12):1105-1109.
Izui S, Sekine S, Maeda K, Kuboniwa M, Takada A, Amano A, Nagata H. Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin Against Periodontopathic Bacteria. Journal of periodontology. Oct 8 2015:1-18.
Jaswal R, Dhawan S, Grover V, Malhotra R. Comparative evaluation of single application of 2% whole turmeric gel versus 1% chlorhexidine gel in chronic periodontitis patients: A pilot study. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. Sep 2014;18(5):575-580.
Jeffcoat MK, Jeffcoat RL, Gladowski PA, Bramson JB, Blum JJ. Impact of periodontal therapy on general health: evidence from insurance data for five systemic conditions. American journal of preventive medicine. 2014;47(2):166.
Johansson I, Lif Holgerson P. Milk and oral health. Nestle Nutrition workshop series. Paediatric programme. 2011;67:55-66.
Joshipura K, Muñoz-Torres F, Fernández-Santiago J, Patel RP, Lopez-Candales A. Over-the-counter mouthwash use, nitric oxide and hypertension risk. Blood pressure. Apr 2020;29(2):103-112. doi:10.1080/08037051.2019.1680270.
Jurenka JS. Therapeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): a review. Alternative medicine review : a journal of clinical therapeutic. Jun 2008;13(2):128-144.
Kalesinskas P, Kacergius T, Ambrozaitis A, Peciuliene V, Ericson D. Reducing dental plaque formation and caries development. A review of current methods and implications for novel pharmaceuticals. Stomatologija / issued by public institution "Odontologijos studija" ... [et al.]. 2014;16(2):44-52.
Kamath DG, Umesh Nayak S. Detection, removal and prevention of calculus: Literature Review. The Saudi dental journal. Jan 2014;26(1):7-13.
Kamer AR, Craig RG, Dasanayake AP, Brys M, Glodzik-Sobanska L, de Leon MJ. Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease: possible role of periodontal diseases. Alzheimers Dement. Jul 2008;4(4):242-250.
Kaplowitz GJ. An update on the dangers of soda pop. Dental assistant (Chicago, Ill. : 1994). Jul-Aug 2011;80(4):14-16, 18-20, 22-13 passim; quiz 29-31.
Kasznicki J, Sliwinska A, Drzewoski J. Metformin in cancer prevention and therapy. Annals of translational medicine. Jun 2014;2(6):57.
Kaur H, Jain S, Kaur A. Comparative evaluation of the antiplaque effectiveness of green tea catechin mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Mar 2014;18(2):178-182.
Kaur S, Bright R, Proudman SM, Bartold PM. Does periodontal treatment influence clinical and biochemical measures for rheumatoid arthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism. Oct 2014;44(2):113-122.
Kavoussi SK, West BT, Taylor GW, Lebovic DI. Periodontal disease and endometriosis: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Fertility and sterility. Feb 2009;91(2):335-342.
Kawar N, Gajendrareddy PK, Hart TC, Nouneh R, Maniar N, Alrayyes S. Periodontal disease for the primary care physician. Disease-a-month : DM. Apr 2011;57(4):174-183.
Kawazoe A, Inubushi T, Miyauchi M, Ishikado A, Tanaka E, Tanne K, Takata T. Orally administered liposomal lactoferrin inhibits inflammation-related bone breakdown without interrupting orthodontic tooth movement. Journal of periodontology. Oct 2013;84(10):1454-1462.
Kholy KE, Genco RJ, Van Dyke TE. Oral infections and cardiovascular disease. Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM. Jun 2015;26(6):315-321.
Kim SH, Seo BM, Choung PH, Lee YM. Adult stem cell therapy for periodontal disease. International journal of stem cells. May 2010;3(1):16-21.
Kolte AP, Kolte RA, Laddha RK. Effect of smoking on salivary composition and periodontal status. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Jul 2012;16(3):350-353.
Koutsochristou V, Zellos A, Dimakou K, Panayotou I, Siahanidou S, Roma-Giannikou E, Tsami A. Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease in Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study. Inflammatory bowel diseases. Aug 2015;21(8):1839-1846.
Krayer JW, Leite RS, Kirkwood KL. Non-surgical chemotherapeutic treatment strategies for the management of periodontal diseases. Dental clinics of North America. Jan 2010;54(1):13-33.
Kremer JM, Lawrence DA, Petrillo GF, Litts LL, Mullaly PM, Rynes RI, . . . et al. Effects of high-dose fish oil on rheumatoid arthritis after stopping nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Clinical and immune correlates. Arthritis and rheumatism. Aug 1995;38(8):1107-1114.
Kudva P, Tabasum ST, Shekhawat NK. Effect of green tea catechin, a local drug delivery system as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis patients: A clinicomicrobiological study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Jan 2011;15(1):39-45.
Kulkarni V, Bhatavadekar NB, Uttamani JR. The effect of nutrition on periodontal disease: a systematic review. Journal of the California Dental Association. May 2014;42(5):302-311.
Kushiyama M, Shimazaki Y, Murakami M, Yamashita Y. Relationship between intake of green tea and periodontal disease. Journal of periodontology. Mar 2009;80(3):372-377.
Lee JH, Jeon SM, Hong SP, Cheon JH, Kim TI, Kim WH. Metformin use is associated with a decreased incidence of colorectal adenomas in diabetic patients with previous colorectal cancer. Dig Liver Dis. Dec 2012;44(12):1042-1047.
Lee YL, Hu HY, Huang N, Hwang DK, Chou P, Chu D. Dental prophylaxis and periodontal treatment are protective factors to ischemic stroke. Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. Apr 2013;44(4):1026-1030.
Lif Holgerson P, Stecksen-Blicks C, Sjostrom I, Oberg M, Twetman S. Xylitol concentration in saliva and dental plaque after use of various xylitol-containing products. Caries research. 2006;40(5):393-397.
Lim LP, Tay FB, Sum CF, Thai AC. Relationship between markers of metabolic control and inflammation on severity of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Clin Periodontol. Feb 2007;34(2):118-123.
Listl S. Oral health conditions and cognitive functioning in middle and later adulthood. BMC oral health. 2014;14:70.
Littarru GP, Nakamura R, Ho L, Folkers K, Kuzell WC. Deficiency of coenzyme Q 10 in gingival tissue from patients with periodontal disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Oct 1971;68(10):2332-2335.
Liu Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhou X, Zhang L, Song Y, Wang Z. Oral hygiene, periodontal health and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. J Clin Periodontol. Jan 2012;39(1):45-52.
Lockhart PB, Bolger AF, Papapanou PN, Osinbowale O, Trevisan M, Levison ME, . . . Baddour LM. Periodontal disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease: does the evidence support an independent association?: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. May 22 2012;125(20):2520-2544.
Loesche WJ. Microbiology of Dental Decay and Periodontal Disease. In: Medical Microbiology. 4th ed. Chapter 99. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8259.
Luo J, Wu B, Zhao Q, Guo Q, Meng H, Yu L, . . . Ding D. Association between tooth loss and cognitive function among 3063 Chinese older adults: a community-based study. PloS one. 2015;10(3):e0120986.
Lyle DM. Relevance of the water flosser: 50 years of data. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995). Apr 2012;33(4):278-280, 282.
Magnuson B, Harsono M, Stark PC, Lyle D, Kugel G, Perry R. Comparison of the effect of two interdental cleaning devices around implants on the reduction of bleeding: a 30-day randomized clinical trial. Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995). Nov-Dec 2013;34 Spec No 8:2-7.
Mang TS, Tayal DP, Baier R. Photodynamic therapy as an alternative treatment for disinfection of bacteria in oral biofilms. Lasers in surgery and medicine. Sep 2012;44(7):588-596.
Manthena S, Rao MV, Penubolu LP, Putcha M, Harsha AV. Effectiveness of CoQ10 Oral Supplements as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Improving Periodontal Health. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR. Aug 2015;9(8):Zc26-28.
Martos R, Marton I. [Possible correlations between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Review of the literature]. Fogorvosi szemle. Sep 2011;104(3):87-92.
Mawardi HH, Elbadawi LS, Sonis ST. Current understanding of the relationship between periodontal and systemic diseases. Saudi medical journal. 2015;36(2):150-158.
Mayer Y, Elimelech R, Balbir-Gurman A, Braun-Moscovici Y, Machtei EE. Periodontal condition of patients with autoimmune diseases and the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. Journal of periodontology. Feb 2013;84(2):136-142.
Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic. Diseases and Conditions: Cavities/Tooth Decay. Available at http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cavities/basics/causes/con-20030076?p=1. Last updated 05/30/2014a. Accessed 09/08/2015.
Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic. Diseases and Conditions: Periodontitis. Available at http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/periodontitis/basics/causes/con-20021679?p=1. Last updated 02/04/2014b. Accessed 09/08/2015.
Mays JW, Sarmadi M, Moutsopoulos NM. Oral manifestations of systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: diagnosis and clinical management. The journal of evidence-based dental practice. Sep 2012;12(3 Suppl):265-282.
Meisel P, Schwahn C, Luedemann J, John U, Kroemer HK, Kocher T. Magnesium deficiency is associated with periodontal disease. Journal of dental research. Oct 2005;84(10):937-941.
Mendoza-Nunez VM, Hernandez-Monjaraz B, Santiago-Osorio E, Betancourt-Rule JM, Ruiz-Ramos M. Tai Chi exercise increases SOD activity and total antioxidant status in saliva and is linked to an improvement of periodontal disease in the elderly. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2014;2014:603853.
Merchant AT, Pitiphat W, Franz M, Joshipura KJ. Whole-grain and fiber intakes and periodontitis risk in men. The American journal of clinical nutrition. Jun 2006;83(6):1395-1400.
Merchant AT, Pitiphat W, Rimm EB, Joshipura K. Increased physical activity decreases periodontitis risk in men. European journal of epidemiology. 2003;18(9):891-898.
Michaud DS, Izard J, Wilhelm-Benartzi CS, You DH, Grote VA, Tjonneland A, . . . Riboli E. Plasma antibodies to oral bacteria and risk of pancreatic cancer in a large European prospective cohort study. Gut. Dec 2013;62(12):1764-1770.
Mielczarek-Badora E, Szulc M. Photodynamic therapy and its role in periodontitis treatment. Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online). 2013;67:1058-1065.
Miley DD, Garcia MN, Hildebolt CF, Shannon WD, Couture RA, Anderson Spearie CL, . . . Civitelli R. Cross-sectional study of vitamin D and calcium supplementation effects on chronic periodontitis. Journal of periodontology. Sep 2009;80(9):1433-1439.
Milgrom P, Ly KA, Roberts MC, Rothen M, Mueller G, Yamaguchi DK. Mutans streptococci dose response to xylitol chewing gum. Journal of dental research. Feb 2006;85(2):177-181.
Moeintaghavi A, Arab HR, Bozorgnia Y, Kianoush K, Alizadeh M. Non-surgical periodontal therapy affects metabolic control in diabetics: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Australian dental journal. Mar 2012;57(1):31-37.
Morozumi T, Kubota T, Abe D, Shimizu T, Nohno K, Yoshie H. Microbiological effect of essential oils in combination with subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation and mouth rinsing in chronic periodontitis patients. International journal of dentistry. 2013;2013:146479.
Mortazavi H, Baharvand M, Movahhedian A, Mohammadi M, Khodadoustan A. Xerostomia due to systemic disease: a review of 20 conditions and mechanisms. Annals of medical and health sciences research. Jul 2014;4(4):503-510.
Muglikar S, Patil KC, Shivswami S, Hegde R. Efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of chronic gingivitis: a pilot study. Oral health & preventive dentistry. 2013;11(1):81-86.
Nabors TW, McGlennen RC, Thompson D. Salivary testing for periodontal disease diagnosis and treatment. Dentistry today. Jun 2010;29(6):53-54, 56, 58-60; quiz 61.
Nagao Y, Kawahigashi Y, Sata M. Association of Periodontal Diseases and Liver Fibrosis in Patients With HCV and/or HBV infection. Hepatitis Monthly. 2014;14(12):e23264.
Nagpal M, Sood S. Role of curcumin in systemic and oral health: An overview. Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine. Jan 2013;4(1):3-7.
Nakamura R, Littarru GP, Folkers K, Wilkinson EG. Study of CoQ10-enzymes in gingiva from patients with periodontal disease and evidence for a deficiency of coenzyme Q10. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Apr 1974;71(4):1456-1460.
Nakib S, Han J, Li T, Joshipura K, Qureshi AA. Periodontal disease and risk of psoriasis among nurses in the United States. Acta odontologica Scandinavica. Nov 2013;71(6):1423-1429.
Naqvi AZ, Buettner C, Phillips RS, Davis RB, Mukamal KJ. n-3 fatty acids and periodontitis in US adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. Nov 2010;110(11):1669-1675.
Nardi GM, Di Giorgio R, Sabatini S. Effectiveness of tips for delicate micro-ultrasonic root planing comparing to tips for traditional ultrasonic root planing. Annali di stomatologia. Jul 2012;3(3-4):90-94.
Nayak PA, Nayak UA, Khandelwal V. The effect of xylitol on dental caries and oral flora. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry. 2014;6:89-94.
NCBI. National Center for Biotechnology Information. U. S. National Library of Medicine. Pubchem: Open Chemistry Database. Compound Summary: Xylitol. http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/xylitol#section=Top. Last updated 11/21/2015. Accessed 11/23/2015.
Negrato CA, Tarzia O, Jovanovic L, Chinellato LE. Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. Jan-Feb 2013;21(1):1-12.
Neiva RF, Al-Shammari K, Nociti FH, Jr., Soehren S, Wang HL. Effects of vitamin-B complex supplementation on periodontal wound healing. Journal of periodontology. Jul 2005;76(7):1084-1091.
Nielsen FH. Effects of magnesium depletion on inflammation in chronic disease. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. Nov 2014;17(6):525-530.
Nishida M, Grossi SG, Dunford RG, Ho AW, Trevisan M, Genco RJ. Calcium and the risk for periodontal disease. Journal of periodontology. Jul 2000;71(7):1057-1066.
Noto H, Goto A, Tsujimoto T, Noda M. Cancer risk in diabetic patients treated with metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one. 2012;7(3):e33411.
Nugala B, Namasi A, Emmadi P, Krishna PM. Role of green tea as an antioxidant in periodontal disease: The Asian paradox. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Jul 2012;16(3):313-316.
Ogrendik M. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease caused by periodontal pathogens. International journal of general medicine. 2013;2013:383-386.
Olate S, Munoz D, Neumann S, Pozzer L, Cavalieri-Pereira L, de Moraes M. A descriptive study of the oral status in subjects with Sjogren's syndrome. International journal of clinical and experimental medicine. 2014;7(4):1140-1144.
Oppermann RV, Weidlich P, Musskopf ML. Periodontal disease and systemic complications. Brazilian oral research. 2012;26 Suppl 1:39-47.
Pack AR. Folate mouthwash: effects on established gingivitis in periodontal patients. J Clin Periodontol. Oct 1984;11(9):619-628.
Page RC. Gingivitis. Journal of clinical periodontology. May 1986;13(5):345-359.
Palacios C, Joshipura K, Willett W. Nutrition and health: guidelines for dental practitioners. Oral diseases. Sep 2009;15(6):369-381.
Paramashivaiah R, Prabhuji ML. Mechanized scaling with ultrasonics: Perils and proactive measures. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. Jul 2013;17(4):423-428.
Parihar AS, Katoch V, Rajguru SA, Rajpoot N, Singh P, Wakhle S. Periodontal Disease: A Possible Risk-Factor for Adverse Pregnancy Outcome. Journal of international oral health : JIOH. Jul 2015;7(7):137-142.
Patel PV, KUMAR S, Patel A. Periodontal abscess: a review. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research. 2011;5(2):404-409.
Patil BS, Patil S, Gururaj TR. Probable autoimmune causal relationship between periodontitis and Hashimotos thyroidits: a systemic review. Nigerian journal of clinical practice. Jul-Sep 2011;14(3):253-261.
Patil PB, Patil BR. Saliva: A diagnostic biomarker of periodontal diseases. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Oct-Dec 2011;15(4):310-317.
Payne JB, Golub LM, Thiele GM, Mikuls TR. The Link Between Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Periodontist's Perspective. Curr Oral Health Rep. 2015;2:20-29.
Peedikayil FC, Sreenivasan P, Narayanan A. Effect of coconut oil in plaque related gingivitis - A preliminary report. Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association. Mar-Apr 2015;56(2):143-147.
Perayil J, Menon KS, Kurup S, Thomas AE, Fenol A, Vyloppillil R, . . . Megha S. Influence of Vitamin D & Calcium Supplementation in the Management of Periodontitis. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR. Jun 2015;9(6):Zc35-38.
Piconi S, Trabattoni D, Luraghi C, Perilli E, Borelli M, Pacei M, . . . Clerici M. Treatment of periodontal disease results in improvements in endothelial dysfunction and reduction of the carotid intima-media thickness. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Apr 2009;23(4):1196-1204.
Pignatelli P, Fabietti G, Ricci A, Piattelli A, Curia MC. How Periodontal Disease and Presence of Nitric Oxide Reducing Oral Bacteria Can Affect Blood Pressure. Int J Mol Sci. Oct 13 2020;21(20)doi:10.3390/ijms21207538.
Pradeep AR, Kumari M, Rao NS, Martande SS, Naik SB. Clinical efficacy of subgingivally delivered 1.2% atorvastatin in chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of periodontology. Jul 2013;84(7):871-879.
Pradeep AR, Patnaik K, Nagpal K, Karvekar S, Ramamurthy BL, Naik SB, . . . Raju A. Efficacy of locally-delivered 1% metformin gel in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Journal of investigative and clinical dentistry. Mar 18 2015.
Pradeep AR, Rao NS, Naik SB, Kumari M. Efficacy of varying concentrations of subgingivally delivered metformin in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of periodontology. Feb 2013;84(2):212-220.
Prakash S, Sunitha J, Hans M. Role of coenzyme Q(10) as an antioxidant and bioenergizer in periodontal diseases. Indian journal of pharmacology. Dec 2010;42(6):334-337.
Prasad D, Kunnaiah R. Punica granatum: A review on its potential role in treating periodontal disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Jul 2014;18(4):428-432.
Prasanna SJ. Causal relationship between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Oct 2011;15(4):359-365.
Pryor R, Cabreiro F. Repurposing metformin: an old drug with new tricks in its binding pockets. The Biochemical journal. Nov 1 2015;471(3):307-322.
Pushparani DS, Anandan SN, Theagarayan P. Serum zinc and magnesium concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Mar 2014;18(2):187-193.
Racz GZ, Kadar K, Foldes A, Kallo K, Perczel-Kovach K, Keremi B, . . . Varga G. Immunomodulatory and potential therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cells in periodontitis. Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society. Jun 2014;65(3):327-339.
Ram VS, Parthiban, Sudhakar U, Mithradas N, Prabhakar R. Bonebiomarkers in periodontal disease: a review article. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR. Jan 2015;9(1):Ze07-10.
Ramasamy C. "Potential natural antioxidants: adjuvant effect of green tea polyphenols in periodontal infections". Infectious disorders drug targets. Aug 31 2015.
Rao NS, Pradeep AR, Kumari M, Naik SB. Locally delivered 1% metformin gel in the treatment of smokers with chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of periodontology. Aug 2013;84(8):1165-1171.
Reddy PV, Ambati M, Koduganti R. Systemic lycopene as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry. May 2015;5(Suppl 1):S25-31.
Rena G, Pearson ER, Sakamoto K. Molecular mechanism of action of metformin: old or new insights? Diabetologia. 2013;56(9):1898-1906.
Ricardo AC, Athavale A, Chen J, Hampole H, Garside D, Marucha P, Lash JP. Periodontal disease, chronic kidney disease and mortality: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMC nephrology. 2015;16:97.
Rios HF, Lin Z, Oh B, Park CH, Giannobile WV. Cell- and gene-based therapeutic strategies for periodontal regenerative medicine. Journal of periodontology. Sep 2011;82(9):1223-1237.
Ritter AV, Shugars DA, Bader JD. Root caries risk indicators: a systematic review of risk models. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. Oct 2010;38(5):383-397.
Roncati M, Gariffo A. Systematic review of the adjunctive use of diode and Nd:YAG lasers for nonsurgical periodontal instrumentation. Photomedicine and laser surgery. Apr 2014;32(4):186-197.
Rubinoff AB, Latner PA, Pasut LA. Vitamin C and oral health. Journal (Canadian Dental Association). Sep 1989;55(9):705-707.
Saito Y, Sugawara N, Yasui-Furukori N, Takahashi I, Nakaji S, Kimura H. Cognitive function and number of teeth in a community-dwelling population in Japan. Annals of general psychiatry. 2013;12(1):20.
Sale ST, Parvez H, Yeltiwar RK, Vivekanandan G, Pundir AJ, Jain P. A comparative evaluation of topical and intrasulcular application of coenzyme Q10 (Perio Q) gel in chronic periodontitis patients: A clinical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Jul 2014;18(4):461-465.
Salim HP, Mallikarjun SB, Raju S, Surendranath AR. Randomized Clinical Trial of Oral Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius M18 on Salivary Streptococcus mutans in Preprimary Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. Mar-Apr 2023;16(2):259-263. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2527. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37519958
Sastravaha G, Gassmann G, Sangtherapitikul P, Grimm WD. Adjunctive periodontal treatment with Centella asiatica and Punica granatum extracts in supportive periodontal therapy. Journal of the International Academy of Periodontology. Jul 2005;7(3):70-79.
Scannapieco FA, Bush RB, Paju S. Associations between periodontal disease and risk for nosocomial bacterial pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A systematic review. Ann Periodontol. Dec 2003;8(1):54-69.
Scariya L. Probiotics in Periodontal Therapy. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2015;6(1):242-50.
Schenkein HA, Loos BG. Inflammatory mechanisms linking periodontal diseases to cardiovascular diseases. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2013;40(s14):S51-S69.
Shaffer JR, Polk DE, Wang X, Feingold E, Weeks DE, Lee MK, . . . Marazita ML. Genome-wide association study of periodontal health measured by probing depth in adults ages 18-49 years. G3 (Bethesda, Md.). Feb 2014;4(2):307-314.
Shahzad M, Millhouse E, Culshaw S, Edwards CA, Ramage G, Combet E. Selected dietary (poly)phenols inhibit periodontal pathogen growth and biofilm formation. Food Funct. Mar 2015;6(3):719-729.
Shaik MM, Ahmad S, Gan SH, Abuzenadah AM, Ahmad E, Tabrez S, . . . Kamal MA. How do periodontal infections affect the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease? CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. Apr 2014;13(3):460-466.
Sharma NC, Araujo MW, Wu MM, Qaqish J, Charles CH. Superiority of an essential oil mouthrinse when compared with a 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride containing mouthrinse: a six-month study. International dental journal. Jun 2010;60(3):175-180.
Shashikiran ND, Reddy VV, Raju PK. Effect of antiasthmatic medication on dental disease: dental caries and periodontal disease. Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. Apr-Jun 2007;25(2):65-68.
Singh N, Chander Narula S, Kumar Sharma R, Tewari S, Kumar Sehgal P. Vitamin E supplementation, superoxide dismutase status, and outcome of scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of periodontology. Feb 2014;85(2):242-249.
Singh S, Uppoor A, Nayak D. A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of manual, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments--an in vitro profilometric and SEM study. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. Feb 2012;20(1):21-26.
Skinner HD, Crane CH, Garrett CR, Eng C, Chang GJ, Skibber JM, . . . Das P. Metformin use and improved response to therapy in rectal cancer. Cancer medicine. Feb 2013;2(1):99-107.
Smiley CJ, Tracy SL, Abt E, Michalowicz BS, John MT, Gunsolley J, . . . Hanson N. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis by means of scaling and root planing with or without adjuncts. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939). Jul 2015;146(7):508-524.e505.
Song CW, Lee H, Dings RP, Williams B, Powers J, Santos TD, . . . Park HJ. Metformin kills and radiosensitizes cancer cells and preferentially kills cancer stem cells. Scientific reports. 2012;2:362.
Sood S, Gupta S, Mahendra A. Gene therapy with growth factors for periodontal tissue engineering--a review. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal. Mar 2012;17(2):e301-310.
Soukoulis S, Hirsch R. The effects of a tea tree oil-containing gel on plaque and chronic gingivitis. Australian dental journal. Jun 2004;49(2):78-83.
Sparks Stein P, Steffen MJ, Smith C, Jicha G, Ebersole JL, Abner E, Dawson D, 3rd. Serum antibodies to periodontal pathogens are a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. May 2012;8(3):196-203.
Stahl J, Zandona AF. Rationale and protocol for the treatment of non-cavitated smooth surface carious lesions. General dentistry. Mar-Apr 2007;55(2):105-111.
Staudte H, Kranz S, Volpel A, Schutze J, Sigusch BW. Comparison of nutrient intake between patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985). Nov-Dec 2012;43(10):907-916.
Staufenbiel I, Weinspach K, Forster G, Geurtsen W, Gunay H. Periodontal conditions in vegetarians: a clinical study. European journal of clinical nutrition. Aug 2013;67(8):836-840.
Stein PK, Soare A, Meyer TE, Cangemi R, Holloszy JO, Fontana L. Caloric restriction may reverse age-related autonomic decline in humans. Aging Cell. Aug 2012;11(4):644-650.
Stein SH, Livada R, Tipton DA. Re-evaluating the role of vitamin D in the periodontium. Journal of periodontal research. Oct 2014;49(5):545-553.
Stewart S, Hanning R. Building osteoporosis prevention into dental practice. Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 2012;78:c29.
Stoltze K, Bay L. Comparison of a manual and a new electric toothbrush for controlling plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. Feb 1994;21(2):86-90.
Storozhuk Y, Hopmans SN, Sanli T, Barron C, Tsiani E, Cutz JC, . . . Tsakiridis T. Metformin inhibits growth and enhances radiation response of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through ATM and AMPK. British journal of cancer. May 28 2013;108(10):2021-2032.
Struzycka I. The oral microbiome in dental caries. Polish journal of microbiology / Polskie Towarzystwo Mikrobiologow = The Polish Society of Microbiologists. 2014;63(2):127-135.
Subramanian S, Emami H, Vucic E, Singh P, Vijayakumar J, Fifer KM, . . . Tawakol A. High-dose atorvastatin reduces periodontal inflammation: a novel pleiotropic effect of statins. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Dec 24 2013;62(25):2382-2391.
Sugano N. Biological plaque control: novel therapeutic approach to periodontal disease. Journal of oral science. Mar 2012;54(1):1-5.
Sutter VL. Anaerobes as normal oral flora. Reviews of infectious diseases. Mar-Apr 1984;6 Suppl 1:S62-66.
Tabbaa M, Golubic M, Roizen MF, Bernstein AM. Docosahexaenoic acid, inflammation, and bacterial dysbiosis in relation to periodontal disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and the metabolic syndrome. Nutrients. Aug 2013;5(8):3299-3310.
Tanaka K, Miyake Y, Okubo H, Hanioka T, Sasaki S, Miyatake N, Arakawa M. Calcium intake is associated with decreased prevalence of periodontal disease in young Japanese women. Nutrition journal. 2014;13:109.
Tanaka K, Miyake Y, Sasaki S, Ohya Y, Miyamoto S, Matsunaga I, . . . Oda H. Magnesium intake is inversely associated with the prevalence of tooth loss in Japanese pregnant women: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study. Magnesium research : official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium. Dec 2006;19(4):268-275.
Tariq M, Iqbal Z, Ali J, Baboota S, Talegaonkar S, Ahmad Z, Sahni JK. Treatment modalities and evaluation models for periodontitis. International journal of pharmaceutical investigation. Jul 2012;2(3):106-122.
Taylor JJ. Protein biomarkers of periodontitis in saliva. ISRN inflammation. 2014;2014:593151.
Teeuw WJ, Gerdes VEA, Loos BG. Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Glycemic Control of Diabetic Patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes care. 2010;33(2):421-427.
Thomson W, Poulton R, Broadbent JM, et al. CAnnabis smoking and periodontal disease among young adults. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. 2008;299(5):525-531.
Thornton-Evans G, Eke P, Wei L, Palmer A, Moeti R, Hutchins S, Borrell LN. Periodontitis among adults aged >/=30 years - United States, 2009-2010. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002). Nov 22 2013;62 Suppl 3:129-135.
Tonetti MS, D'Aiuto F, Nibali L, Donald A, Storry C, Parkar M, . . . Deanfield J. Treatment of periodontitis and endothelial function. The New England journal of medicine. Mar 1 2007;356(9):911-920.
Tonetti MS, Van Dyke TE. Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. Journal of periodontology. Apr 2013;84(4 Suppl):S24-29.
Touger-Decker R, van Loveren C. Sugars and dental caries. The American journal of clinical nutrition. October 1, 2003 2003;78(4):881S-892S.
UMMC. University of Maryland Medical Center. Medical Reference Guide: Periodontal Disease. Available at http://umm.edu/health/medical/reports/articles/periodontal-disease. Last updated 03/11/2013. Accessed 09/08/2015.
Usher AK, Stockley RA. The link between chronic periodontitis and COPD: a common role for the neutrophil? BMC medicine. 2013;11:241.
Vardavas CI, Linardakis MK, Hatzis CM, Malliaraki N, Saris WH, Kafatos AG. Smoking status in relation to serum folate and dietary vitamin intake. Tobacco induced diseases. 2008;4:8.
Varela-Lopez A, Bullon P, Battino M, Ramirez-Tortosa M, Ochoa JJ, Cordero MD, . . . Quiles JL. Coenzyme Q Protects Against Age-Related Alveolar Bone Loss Associated to n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Rich-Diets by Modulating Mitochondrial Mechanisms. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. Jul 28 2015.
Vergnes JN. Review finds periodontal treatment has short term benefits for diabetics. Evidence-based dentistry. Sep 2015;16(3):78-79.
Vlachojannis C, Winsauer H, Chrubasik S. Effectiveness and safety of a mouthwash containing essential oil ingredients. Phytotherapy research : PTR. May 2013;27(5):685-691.
Vohra F, Akram Z, Safii SH, Vaithilingam RD, Ghanem A, Sergis K, Javed F. Role of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy. 2015.
Wahid A, Chaudhry S, Ehsan A, Butt S, Ali Khan A. Bidirectional Relationship between Chronic Kidney Disease & Periodontal Disease. Pakistan journal of medical sciences. 2013;29(1):211.
Wakabayashi H, Kondo I, Kobayashi T, Yamauchi K, Toida T, Iwatsuki K, Yoshie H. Periodontitis, periodontopathic bacteria and lactoferrin. Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine. Jun 2010;23(3):419-424.
Wakabayashi H, Yamauchi K, Kobayashi T, Yaeshima T, Iwatsuki K, Yoshie H. Inhibitory effects of lactoferrin on growth and biofilm formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Aug 2009;53(8):3308-3316.
Wang L, Song Y, Wu GN, Yuan DM. Association of the metformin with the risk of lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Transl Lung Cancer Res. Aug 2013;2(4):259-263.
Wang Z, Lai ST, Xie L, Zhao JD, Ma NY, Zhu J, . . . Jiang GL. Metformin is associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes research and clinical practice. Oct 2014;106(1):19-26.
Watts A, Crimmins EM, Gatz M. Inflammation as a potential mediator for the association between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. Oct 2008;4(5):865-876.
Wescombe PA, Upton M, Renault P, Wirawan RE, Power D, Burton JP, . . . Tagg JR. Salivaricin 9, a new lantibiotic produced by Streptococcus salivarius. Microbiology. May 2011;157(Pt 5):1290-1299.
Whitmore SE, Lamont RJ. Oral bacteria and cancer. PLoS pathogens. Mar 2014;10(3):e1003933.
Winning L, Patterson CC, Cullen KM, Stevenson KA, Lundy FT, Kee F, Linden GJ. The association between subgingival periodontal pathogens and systemic inflammation. J Clin Periodontol. Sep 2015;42(9):799-806.
Wolfram S. Effects of green tea and EGCG on cardiovascular and metabolic health. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. Aug 2007;26(4):373s-388s.
Woo J, Ahn J. Probiotic-mediated competition, exclusion and displacement in biofilm formation by food-borne pathogens. Letters in applied microbiology. Apr 2013;56(4):307-313.
Wu Z, Nakanishi H. Connection between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease: possible roles of microglia and leptomeningeal cells. Journal of pharmacological sciences. 2014;126(1):8-13.
Yao Z, Yang J, Pan L, Chen Z. Periodontal treatment: potential to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and/or mortality. Medical hypotheses. Jul 2009;73(1):33-35.
Yoneda M, Naka S, Nakano K, Wada K, Endo H, Mawatari H, . . . Nakajima A. Involvement of a periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis on the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC gastroenterology. 2012;12:16.
Yoneda T, Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Azuma T, Endo Y, Kasuyama K, . . . Morita M. Anti-aging effects of co-enzyme Q10 on periodontal tissues. Journal of dental research. Aug 2013;92(8):735-739.
Young DA, Nový BB, Zeller GG, Hale R, Hart TC, Truelove EL, . . . Beltran-Aguilar E. The American Dental Association Caries Classification System for Clinical Practice. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2015;146(2):79-86.
Yu H, Yin L, Jiang X, Sun X, Wu J, Tian H, . . . He X. Effect of metformin on cancer risk and treatment outcome of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiological observational studies. PloS one. 2014;9(12):e116327.
Yu YH, Kuo HK, Lai YL. The association between serum folate levels and periodontal disease in older adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001/02. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Jan 2007;55(1):108-113.
Yuen HK, Westwater C, Degarmo J, Bandyopadhyay D. Immediate Effect of Xylitol Chewing Gum and Mouth Rinse on Salivary Levels of Mutans Streptococci in Adults with Systemic Sclerosis: A Pilot Study. Journal of experimental and integrative medicine. Jan 1 2012;2(1):89-92.
Zaura E, Nicu EA, Krom BP, Keijser BJ. Acquiring and maintaining a normal oral microbiome: current perspective. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. 2014;4:85.
Zeng XT, Deng AP, Li C, Xia LY, Niu YM, Leng WD. Periodontal disease and risk of head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. PloS one. 2013;8(10):e79017.
Zhang ZJ, Zheng ZJ, Kan H, Song Y, Cui W, Zhao G, Kip KE. Reduced risk of colorectal cancer with metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes care. Oct 2011;34(10):2323-2328.
Zhang ZJ, Zheng ZJ, Shi R, Su Q, Jiang Q, Kip KE. Metformin for liver cancer prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. Jul 2012;97(7):2347-2353.
Zhao Y, Yin Y, Tao L, Nie P, Tang Y, Zhu M. Er:YAG laser versus scaling and root planing as alternative or adjuvant for chronic periodontitis treatment: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. Nov 2014;41(11):1069-1079.
Zimmer S, Öztürk M, Barthel CR, Bizhang M, Jordan RA. Cleaning Efficacy and Soft Tissue Trauma After Use of Manual Toothbrushes With Different Bristle Stiffness. Journal of periodontology. 2010;82(2):267-271.
Zomorodian K, Ghadiri P, Saharkhiz MJ, Moein MR, Mehriar P, Bahrani F, . . . Fani MM. Antimicrobial activity of seven essential oils from Iranian aromatic plants against common causes of oral infections. Jundishapur journal of microbiology. Feb 2015;8(2):e17766.
Zong G, Scott AE, Griffiths HR, Zock PL, Dietrich T, Newson RS. Serum alpha-Tocopherol Has a Nonlinear Inverse Association with Periodontitis among US Adults. The Journal of nutrition. May 2015;145(5):893-899.
